izindaba

Hamba cishe amakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka eShenzhen Huaqiang North ukuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga, futhi uzofika eShajing.Leli dolobhana elincane (manje eliqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi i-Street), ekuqaleni elalidume ngama-oyster alo amnandi, liyindawo eyinhloko yesisekelo sokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi esezingeni lomhlaba.Eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, kusukela kuma-game consoles kuya kubafundi abakhombayo, kusukela kuma-pager kuya kuma-USB flash drive, kusukela emawashi ocingo kuye kuma-smart phone, yonke imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi edumile iye yageleza isuka lapha yaya e-Huaqiangbei, bese iye ezweni lonke ngisho nasemhlabeni.Ngemuva kwenganekwane ye-Huaqiangbei kune-Shajing namanye amadolobha aseduze nayo.Ikhodi yomthombo wengcebo yemboni yezogesi yaseChina ifihliwe kulezo zitshalo zamapaki ezimboni ezimbi.

Indaba yakamuva ye-sand well rich imayelana nogwayi we-e.Njengamanje, ngaphezu kuka-95% wemikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi emhlabeni wonke ivela e-China, futhi cishe u-70% ophuma e-China uvela e-Shajing.Amakhulu ezinkampani ezihlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi ahlangene kuleli dolobhana elisemgwaqweni ongasedolobheni, elihlanganisa indawo ecishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele angama-36 futhi elinabantu abangaba ngu-900000 futhi eligcwele izimboni zabo bonke osayizi.Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, zonke izinhlobo zemali zithutheleke ukwakha ingcebo, futhi izinganekwane ziye zavela ngokulandelana.Imakwe ngohlu lwe-Smallworld (06969.hk) ngo-2020 kanye ne-rlx.us ngo-2021, inhloko-dolobha iCarnival yafinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo.

Kodwa-ke, kusukela ekumemezelweni okungazelelwe kokuthi "ugwayi we-e-cigarette uzofakwa ku-monopoly" ngo-March 2021, "izinyathelo zokulawula ugwayi we-e-cigarette" zakhishwa ngoMashi walo nyaka, futhi "izinga likazwelonke likagwayi we-e-cigarette" lakhishwa. ngo-April.Ukulandelana kwezindaba ezinkulu ezivela ohlangothini lokulawula kuqede umcimbi kungazelelwe.Izintengo zamasheya ezinkampani ezimbili ezisohlwini ziwile yonke indlela, futhi okwamanje zingaphansi kwe-1/4 yokuphakama kwazo.

Izinqubomgomo ezifanele zokulawula zizosetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMfumfu kulo nyaka.Ngaleso sikhathi, imboni ye-e-cigarette yaseChina izovalelisa ngokuphelele ukukhula okunonya “kwendawo empunga” futhi ingene enkathini entsha yokulawulwa kukagwayi.Bebhekene nomnqamulajuqu osondelayo, abanye abantu babheke ngabomvu, abanye bayaphuma, abanye bashintshe ithrekhi, futhi abanye "bakhuphule izikhundla zabo" ngokumelene nethrendi.Uhulumeni Wesifunda sase-Shenzhen Bao'an waku-Shajing Street unikeze impendulo enhle, ememeza isiqubulo sokwakha iqoqo lemboni ye-e-cigarette yezinga lezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 kanye “ne-fog Valley” yomhlaba wonke.

Imboni esafufusa esezingeni lomhlaba ezalwe futhi ikhula endaweni yase-Great Bay e-Guangdong, e-Hong Kong nase-Macao ingenisa uguquko olukhulu olungakaze lube khona ngaphambili.

Kusukela emthonjeni wesihlabathi, yakha iqoqo lezimboni ezingeni lezigidigidi eziyi-100

Umgwaqo omaphakathi waseShajing wake wabizwa ngokuthi “umgwaqo ugwayi we-elekthronikhi”.Kulo mgwaqo onobude obungamakhilomitha angu-5.5 kuphela, zonke izinto ezidingekayo kugwayi we-elekthronikhi zingahlonyiswa kalula.Kodwa ukuhamba kulo mgwaqo, kunzima ukubona ubudlelwano phakathi kwawo ne-e-cigarette.Izinkampani ezihlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi ezifihlwe phakathi kwamafekthri nezakhiwo zamahhovisi zivame ukulenga izimpawu ezinjengokuthi “Ezogesi”, “ubuchwepheshe” kanye “nokuhweba”, futhi iningi lemikhiqizo yazo ithunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle.

Ngo-2003, u-Han Li, usokhemisi waseShayina, wasungula ugwayi wokuqala we-electronic ngomqondo wesimanje.Kamuva, uHan Li wayiqamba ngokuthi "Ruyan".Ngo-2004, "Ruyan" yakhiqizwa ngokusemthethweni futhi yathengiswa emakethe yasekhaya.Ngo-2005, yaqala ukuthunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle futhi yaduma eYurophu, eMelika, eJapane nakwezinye izimakethe.

Njengedolobha lezimboni elibalulekile elikhuphuka ngeminyaka yawo-1980, iShajing yaqala ukwenza inkontileka yokukhiqiza ugwayi we-elekthronikhi cishe eminyakeni engama-20 edlule.Ngezinzuzo zochungechunge lwemboni yezohwebo nge-elekthronikhi nezangaphandle, i-Shajing kanye nesifunda sayo sase-Bao'an kancane kancane sekuyisikhundla esiyinhloko semboni kagwayi we-elekthronikhi.Ngemuva kwenhlekelele yezimali emhlabeni wonke ngo-2008, ezinye izinhlobo ze-e-cigarette zaqala ukwenza imizamo emakethe yasekhaya.

Ngo-2012, izinkampani ezinkulu zikagwayi zakwamanye amazwe ezifana noPhilip Morris International, uLorillard noRenault baqala ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kagesi.Ngo-Agasti 2013, ibhizinisi le-e-cigarette elithi "Ruyan" kanye namalungelo empahla yobuhlakani atholwe yi-Imperial Tobacco.

Kusukela ekuzalweni kwawo, i-e-cigarettes ikhula ngokushesha.Ngokwemininingwane enikezwe i-e-cigarette Professional Committee ye-China Electronic Chamber of Commerce, imakethe ye-e-cigarette yomhlaba wonke yafinyelela ku-US $ 80billion ngo-2021, nokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngo-120%.Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthunyelwa kwe-e-cigarette eChina kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-138.3, okuwukunyuka ngo-180% unyaka nonyaka.

U-Chen Ping, owazalwa ngemuva kwe-1985, usevele "indoda endala" embonini ye-cigarette electronic.Ngo-2008, wasungula i-Shenzhen huachengda Precision Industry Co., Ltd., esebenza kakhulu kumakhemikhali entuthu ye-electronic, e-Shajing, futhi manje eyingxenye yemakethe yonke.Utshele abezezimali okokuqala ukuthi isizathu sokuthi kungani imboni kagwayi we-elekthronikhi ingagxila futhi ithuthuke e-Bao'an asinakuhlukaniswa nohlelo olusekela imboni ye-elekthronikhi ekhulile kanye nabasebenzi abanolwazi e-Bao'an.Esimeni samabhizinisi esincintisana kakhulu, abantu base-Bao'an electronic bathuthukise ikhono eliqinile lokuqamba izinto ezintsha kanye nekhono lokuphendula ngokushesha.Noma nini lapho kukhiqizwa umkhiqizo omusha, izimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula ezingaphansi komfula zingakhiqiza ngokushesha.Thatha i-e-cigarettes isibonelo, "mhlawumbe izinsuku ezintathu zanele."UChen Ping uthe lokhu kuyinto engacabangeki kwezinye izindawo.

Wang Zhen, isekela lomqondisi weSikhungo Sokuhlela Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesifunda saseChina (iShenzhen) Academy of Comprehensive Development, ufingqa izizathu zokuhlangana nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-e-cigarette e-Bao'an kanje: okokuqala, inzuzo yokuqala ye- imakethe yamazwe ngamazwe.Ngenxa yenani eliphezulu likagwayi phesheya, inzuzo eqhathaniswa kagwayi we-elekthronikhi ivelele kakhulu, futhi ikhono lokushayela elifunwa yimakethe linamandla.Esigabeni sokuqala semboni ye-e-cigarette, iqhutshwa yisidingo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe e-United States, Japan kanye neNingizimu Korea, amabhizinisi okucubungula nokuhweba esifundeni sase-Bao'an, amelwe amabhizinisi afuna abasebenzi abaningi, ahole ekuqaliseni. ukulandelana okuqhubekayo kwama-oda ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe, okuholele ekuhlanganisweni okusheshayo kanye nokwanda kwezinga lemboni ye-e-cigarette esifundeni sase-Bao'an.

Okwesibili, izinzuzo eziphelele zezemvelo zezimboni.Izinto zokwakha kanye nemishini edingekayo ekukhiqizeni ugwayi we-elekthronikhi kungatholakala kalula e-Bao'an, enciphisa izindleko zokusesha zamabhizinisi, njengamabhethri e-lithium, ama-chips okulawula, izinzwa kanye nezinkomba ze-LED.

Okwesithathu, izinzuzo zendawo yebhizinisi evulekile nentsha.Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi uwuhlobo lomkhiqizo olusha oludidiyelwe.Eminyakeni yakamuva, uhulumeni Wesifunda sase-Bao'an uye wasekela ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yobuchwepheshe be-atomization emelwe ugwayi we-elekthronikhi, okwenza uguquko oluhle lwezimboni nendawo yebhizinisi.

Njengamanje, isifunda sase-Baoan sinobuchwepheshe obushelelayo, umkhiqizi we-e-cigarette omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni kanye nebhizinisi lohlobo lwe-e-cigarette elikhulu kunawo wonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi amakhulu ahlobene nogwayi we-elekthronikhi, njengamabhethri, ihadiwe, izinto zokupakisha nokuhlola, nawo athatha i-Bao'an njengomnyombo, futhi asatshalaliswa e-Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan nakwezinye izifunda zePearl River Delta.Lokhu kwenza i-Bao'an ibe imboni ye-e-cigarette yomhlaba wonke enochungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele, ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kanye nezwi lemboni.

Ngokusho kwedatha esemthethweni yesiFunda sase-Bao'an, bekunama-e-cigarette Enterprises angama-55 ngaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe esifundeni ngo-2021, anenani eliphumayo lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-35.6.Kulo nyaka, isibalo samaBhizinisi ngaphezu kosayizi obekiwe sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-77, futhi inani lokuphumayo kulindeleke ukuthi likhule ngokuqhubekayo.

U-Lu Jixian, umqondisi wesikhungo esikhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali esifundeni sase-Bao'an, uthe esithangamini somphakathi sakamuva: “Isifunda sase-Bao'an sibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi kagwayi futhi sihlela ukwakha imboni ye-e-cigarette enezinga lezigidigidi eziyi-100. ukuhlanganisa iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu ezayo.”

Ngomhla zingama-20 kuNdasa kulo nyaka, iSifunda sase-Bao'an sakhipha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe kanye nemboni yezinsizakalo zesimanje, lapho iSiphakamiso sesi-8 sahlongoza ukukhuthaza nokweseka imboni “yemishini emisha ye-atomization kagesi”, okuyimboni. okokuqala ngqa ukuthi imboni ye-atomization ye-elekthronikhi ibhalwe emqulwini wokwesekwa kwezimboni kahulumeni wasekhaya.

Yamukela ukulawulwa futhi ungene emgwaqeni wokumisa ezingxabanweni

Ugwayi we-elekthronikhi ungakhula ngokushesha, futhi "ukunciphisa ukulimala" kanye "nokusiza ukuyeka ukubhema" yizizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi abasekeli babo bakhuthaze ngamandla futhi bamukelwe kabanzi ngabathengi.Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumenyezelwa kanjani, akunakuphikwa ukuthi isimiso sayo sesenzo namanje ukuthi i-nicotine ivuselela ubuchopho ukukhiqiza i-dopamine eyengeziwe ukuletha injabulo - lokhu akufani nogwayi wendabuko, kodwa kunciphisa ukuhogela kwezinto eziyingozi ezikhiqizwa ukuvutha.Ngokuhambisana nokungabaza mayelana nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene kuwoyela kagwayi, ugwayi we-e-ugwayi uhambisane nezingxabano ezinkulu zezokwelapha nezokuziphatha kusukela wethulwa.

Kodwa-ke, le mpikiswano ayizange ikuvimbe ukusakazeka kukagwayi we-e emhlabeni.Ukulawulwa kokusalela emuva kuhlinzeke ngokufanelekile ngendawo yemakethe ekahle yokuduma kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi.E-China, umqondo wokulawula wesikhathi eside wokuhlukanisa ugwayi we-elekthronikhi njengemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi unikeze "ithuba elithunyelwe izulu" lokukhuphuka okusheshayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza ugwayi we-e.Lesi futhi isizathu esenza abaphikisi babheke imboni ye-e-cigarette "njengemboni empunga egqoke ingubo yemboni ye-elekthronikhi".Eminyakeni yamuva, njengoba yonke imibuthano kancane kancane yakha ukuvumelana mayelana nokubonakaliswa kwe-e-cigarettes njengemikhiqizo emisha kagwayi, umbuso uye washeshisa ijubane lokuletha i-e-cigarettes ekuqondisweni kwemboni kagwayi.

NgoNovemba 2021, uMkhandlu Kazwelonke wakhipha isinqumo sokuchibiyela imithethonqubo yokusetshenziswa komthetho wokubusa ugwayi weRiphabhulikhi yabantu baseShayina, wengeza iSigaba 65: “imikhiqizo emisha kagwayi efana nogwayi we-elekthronikhi izosetshenziswa mayelana nezinhlinzeko ezifanele. yale Mithethonqubo”.Ngomhla ziyi-11 kuNdasa, 2022, i-State Tobacco Monopoly Administration yasungula futhi yakhipha izinyathelo zokulawulwa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi, okuhlelwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe ngokusemthethweni ngoMeyi 1. Izinyathelo zaphakamisa ukuthi “imikhiqizo kagwayi we-elekthronikhi kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke eziyisibopho zama-elekthronikhi. ugwayi”.Ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuMbasa, 2022, i-State Administration of market supervision (IKomiti Elimisiwe) yakhipha indinganiso kazwelonke eyimpoqo ye-GB 41700-2022 yogwayi we-elekthronikhi, ehlanganisa ikakhulukazi: okokuqala, ukucacisa imigomo nezincazelo zikagwayi we-elekthronikhi, ama-aerosols neminye imigomo ehlobene;Okwesibili, ukubeka phambili izidingo zesimiso sokuklanywa kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe;Okwesithathu, ukubeka phambili izidingo ezicacile zobuchwepheshe zesethi kagwayi we-elekthronikhi, i-atomization kanye nokukhululwa ngokulandelana, futhi unikeze izindlela zokuhlola ezisekelayo;Okwesine ukusho izimpawu nemiyalelo yemikhiqizo kagwayi kagesi.

Ngokucabangela ubunzima obungokoqobo ekusetshenzisweni kwesivumelwano esisha kanye nezidingo ezifanele zabadlali bemakethe abafanelekile, iminyango efanele ibeka isikhathi soshintsho sokushintsha inqubomgomo (ephela ngo-30 Septhemba 2022).Ngesikhathi soshintsho, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza kwezinkampani zikagwayi wesitoko zingaqhubeka nokwenza imisebenzi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza, futhi kufanele zifake izicelo zamalayisense afanele kanye nokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zenqubomgomo efanele, zenze ukwakheka kokuhambisana kwemikhiqizo, ziqedele. ukuguqulwa komkhiqizo, futhi usebenzisane neminyango yokuphatha ehambisanayo ukuze iqondise.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke izinhlobo zabatshalizimali azivunyelwe ukutshala izimali ezintsha zokukhiqiza ugwayi kanye nokusebenza kwamabhizinisi okwamanje;Ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi angeke akhe noma andise umthamo wokukhiqiza okwesikhashana, futhi ngeke amise izindawo zokudayisa ezintsha ze-e-cigarette okwesikhashana.

Ngemuva kwesikhathi soguquko, izinhlangano zokukhiqiza nokusebenza kukagwayi we-elekthronikhi kumele zenze imisebenzi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nomthetho weRiphabhulikhi kagwayi weRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseShayina, imithethonqubo yokuqaliswa kokusetshenziswa komthetho weRiphabhulikhi yabantu. yaseShayina, izinyathelo zokuphatha ugwayi we-elekthronikhi kanye namazinga kazwelonke kagwayi we-elekthronikhi.

Ochungechungeni olushiwo ngenhla lwezinyathelo zokulawula, iningi losomabhizinisi okwaxoxwa nabo bazwakalise ukuqonda nokusekela kwabo, futhi bathi bazimisele ukubambisana ngenkuthalo ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zokuthobela imithetho.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi imboni izovalelisa ekuthuthukisweni kwesivinini esikhulu futhi iqale umkhondo wokukhula okujwayelekile nokuqhubekayo.Uma amabhizinisi efuna ukwabelana ngekhekhe lemakethe yesikhathi esizayo, kufanele azinze futhi atshale imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ikhwalithi kanye nomsebenzi womkhiqizo, kusukela “ekwenzeni imali esheshayo” kuya ekwenzeni imali yekhwalithi neyomkhiqizo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Benwu bungenye yeqoqo lokuqala lamabhizinisi e-e-cigarette ukuthola ilayisensi yamabhizinisi akhiqiza ugwayi yedwa eChina.U-Lin Jiayong, oyimenenja jikelele yale nkampani, engxoxweni nebhizinisi laseChina uthe ukwethulwa kwemigomo yokulawula kusho ukuthi kuzovulwa imakethe yasekhaya enamandla amakhulu.Ngokombiko ofanele wokubonisana nabezindaba kwe-AI, ngo-2020, abathengi baseMelika be-e-cigarette baba nenani elikhulu lababhemayo, ababalelwa ku-13%.Ilandelwa iBrithani 4.2%, France 3.1%.E-China, isibalo singama-0.6% kuphela."Siyaqhubeka nokuba nethemba ngemboni kanye nemakethe yasekhaya."Kusho uLin Jiayong.

Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wemishini ye-athomu ye-electronic, i-Smallworld isivele igxile olwandle olubanzi oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lwezokwelapha, ubuhle nokunye.Muva nje, inkampani imemezele ukuthi isayine isivumelwano sokusebenzisana noSolwazi Liu Jikai wesikole sekhemisi saseCentral South University for Nationalities ukuze acwaninge futhi athuthukise imikhiqizo emisha yezempilo ephathelene nezidakamizwa ezine-athomu, imithi yendabuko yamaShayina, izimonyo nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.Umuntu ofanelekile ophethe i-SIMORE international utshele intatheli yezezimali yokuqala ukuthi ukuze kugcinwe izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-atomization futhi uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwesigcawu sobuchwepheshe be-atomization emikhakheni yezokwelapha nezempilo, inkampani ihlela ukwandisa i-R & D. ukutshalwa kwezimali ku-1.68 billion yuan ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwesamba seminyaka eyisithupha edlule.

U-Chen Ping uphinde watshela abezezimali bokuqala ukuthi inqubomgomo entsha yokulawula inhle emabhizinisini anamandla okwenza umsebenzi omuhle emikhiqizweni, ahloniphe amalungelo empahla yengqondo futhi anezinzuzo zomkhiqizo.Ngemuva kokuqaliswa okusemthethweni kwezinga likazwelonke, ukunambitheka kwe-e-cigarettes kuzokhawulelwa ku-flavour kagwayi, okungase kuholele ekwehleni kwesikhashana ekuthengisweni, kodwa kuzokhula kancane kancane esikhathini esizayo."Ngigcwele izinto engizilindele emakethe yasekhaya futhi ngikulungele ukukhulisa utshalomali ku-R & D kanye nemishini."