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Munhu wose anoziva kuti kusvuta kunokuvadza utano hwako.Kana ukabvunza zvakakwana, nei midzanga ichikuvadza utano hwako?Ndinotenda kuti vanhu vazhinji vachafunga kuti "nicotine" iri mumidzanga.Mukunzwisisa kwedu, "nicotine" haisi kungokuvadza hutano hwevanhu, asiwo carcinogenic.Asi ongororo yakaitwa neRutgers University muNew Jersey inoita seinopidigura pfungwa yekuti “nicotine” inokonzera gomarara.

Chikakananda chiri muMidzanga chinokonzera gomarara here?

Nicotine ndicho chikamu chikuru chefodya uye yakanyorwa secarcinogen nevazhinji oncologists.Nekudaro, hapana nicotine mune rondedzero yecarcinogens yakaburitswa neWorld Health Organisation.

Nicotine haikonzere gomarara.Kusvuta kunokuvadza utano “chitsotsi chikuru”?

Sezvo Rutgers University muNew Jersey neWorld Health Organization vasina kuratidza zvakajeka kuti “chikakananda” chinokonzera kenza, hachisi chokwadi here kuti “kusvuta kunokuvadza muviri”?

Kana bodo.Kunyange zvazvo zvichinzi chikakananda chiri mumidzanga hachizokonzeri zvakananga kuti vanosvuta kutambura nekenza, kufema kwenguva refu kwechikakananda chakakura kuchatungamirira kurudzi rwe“kutsamira” uye kupindwa muropa nokusvuta, izvo pakupedzisira zvichawedzera ngozi yekenza.

Zvinoenderana netafura yekuumbwa kwefodya, nicotine haisi iyo yega chinhu chiri mumidzanga.Midzanga inewo imwe tara, benzopyrene nezvimwe zvinhu, pamwe nekabhoni monoxide, nitrite nezvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirwa mushure mekubatidza fodya, izvo zvinowedzera njodzi yegomarara.

·Carbon monoxide

Kunyange zvazvo kabhoni monoxide mumidzanga isingakonzere kenza zvakananga, kunwa yakawanda yecarbon monoxide kunogona kuita kuti munhu achetura.Nokuti carbon monoxide ichaparadza kuendeswa kweokisijeni neropa, zvichiita kuti chiitiko che hypoxia chive mumuviri womunhu;Mukuwedzera, ichabatanidza ne hemoglobin muropa, zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvine chepfu.

Kufema yakawandisa kabhoni monoxide kuchawedzera cholesterol iri mumuviri.Kunyanya kukwirisa cholesterol kunowedzera njodzi yearteriosclerosis uye kukonzera chirwere chemoyo.

· Benzopyrene

World Health Organisation inonyora benzopyrene sekirasi I carcinogen.Kutora kwenguva yakareba benzopyrene zvishoma nezvishoma kunokonzeresa kukuvara kwemapapu uye kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu.

Tar

Mudzanga une 6~8 mg yetara.Tar ine imwe carcinogenicity.Kudya kwenguva refu kwetara yakawandisa kunokonzeresa kukuvara kwemapapu, kukanganisa basa remapapu uye kuwedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu.

·Nitrous acid

Midzanga inoburitsa imwe nitrous acid kana yabatidzwa.Nekudaro, nitrite yakagara yakarongedzwa sekirasi I carcinogen naani.Kutora kwenguva refu kwe nitrite yakawandisa kunosungirwa kukanganisa hutano uye kuwedzera njodzi yegomarara.

Kubva pane zviri pamusoro, tinoziva kuti kunyange zvazvo nicotine isingakonzere kenza zvakananga, kusvuta kwenguva refu kucharamba kuchiwedzera ngozi yekenza.Nokudaro, kusvuta kunokuvadza kune hutano uye haisi "chitsotsi chikuru".

Muhupenyu, ruzhinji rwevanhu vanotenda kuti "kusvuta = kenza".Kusvuta kwenguva refu kuchawedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu, nepo vasingasvuti vasingatambudzike nekenza yemapapu.Izvi hazvisizvo.Vanhu vasingasvuti hazvirevi kuti havazove nekenza yemapapu, asi njodzi yekenza yemapapu yakaderera zvikuru kupfuura yevanoputa.

Ndiani anonyanya kurwara nekenza yemapapu kana zvichienzaniswa nevasingapute?

Sekureva kwehuwandu hweInternational Cancer Research Institute yeWorld Health Organisation, muna 2020 chete, kwaive ne820000 nyaya nyowani dzekenza yemapapu muChina.Sangano reBritish Cancer Research Institute rakaona kuti njodzi yekenza yemapapu yakawedzera ne25% kune vanosvuta nguva dzose, uye 0.3% chete kune vasingapute.

Saka kune vanoputa, zviri kuenda sei kugomarara remapapu nhanho nhanho?

Tichangorongedza makore evanoputa: 1-2 makore ekusvuta;Kusvuta kwemakore 3-10;Kusvuta kweanopfuura makore gumi.

01 makore ekusvuta 1 ~ 2 makore

Kana ukasvuta kwemakore maviri, mavara madiki madiki anozoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma mumapapu evanoputa.Inonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvinokuvadza mumidzanga yakashambadzirwa mumapapu, asi mapapu achiri ane hutano panguva ino.Chero bedzi iwe ukarega kusvuta nenguva, kukanganisa kumapapu kunogona kuchinjwa.

02 makore ekusvuta 3 ~ 10 makore

Kana makwapa matema madiki aonekwa mumapapu, kana uchiri kutadza kurega kusvuta nenguva, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zviri mumidzanga zvinoramba “zvichirwisa” mapapu, zvichiita kuti mavara matema awedzere kutenderedza mapapu aoneke mumapepa.Panguva ino, mapapu akakuvadzwa zvishoma nezvishoma nezvinhu zvinokuvadza uye akarasikirwa nehupenyu hwavo.Panguva ino, kushanda kwemapapu evaputi veko kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Kana ukarega kusvuta panguva ino, mapapu ako haazokwanisi kudzokera kuchimiro chawo chepakutanga chine utano.Asi unogona kurega kurega mapapu achiwedzera.

03 kuputa kweanopfuura makore gumi

Mushure mekusvuta kwemakore gumi kana kupfuura, "Makorokoto" akashanduka kubva kune akatsvuka uye akapfava mapapu kuenda ku "black carbon lung", iyo yakarasikirwa zvachose nekusimba kwayo.Panogona kunge paine chikosoro, dyspnea uye zvimwe zviratidzo panguva dzakajairwa, uye njodzi yekenza yemapapu inokwira nemazana pane yevasingapute.

Panguva imwecheteyo, iye Jie, mudzidzi weChinese Academy of Sciences uye Mutungamiriri weCancer Hospital yeChinese Academy of Medical Sciences, akambotaura kuti kusvuta kwenguva refu hakuzongowedzera njodzi yekenza yemapapu, asiwo zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumidzanga zvinokuvadza DNA yevanhu uye kukonzera kuchinja kwemajini, nokudaro zvichiwedzera njodzi yekenza yemukanwa, kenza yedokoriro, rectal cancer, gastric cancer nemamwe magomarara.

Mhedziso: kuburikidza nezviri pamusoro, ndinotenda isu tine kumwe kunzwisisa kwekukuvadza kwefodya kumuviri wemunhu.Ndinoda kuyeuchidza vanhu vanofarira kusvira pano kuti kukuvadzwa kwefodya hakusi kwechokwadi, asi kunoda kuunganidzwa kwenguva refu.Iyo yakareba makore ekusvuta, inowedzera kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu.Naizvozvo, nokuda kwoutano hwavo vamene nohwemhuri dzavo, vanofanira kurega kusvuta nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.