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Famba anenge makiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuShenzhen Huaqiang Maodzanyemba kusvika kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, uye uchasvika kuShajing.Iri dhorobha diki (rave kunzi Rue), iro raimbove nemukurumbira nekuda kwekunaka kwaro oyster, ndiyo nzvimbo yepakati yepasi-yemhando yemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira base.Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, kubva kumitambo yekunyaradza kuenda kune inonongedza vaverengi, kubva pamapeja kuenda ku USB flash drive, kubva pawachi dzenhare kusvika kumafoni akangwara, zvese zvakakurumbira zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvakayerera kubva pano zvichienda kuHuaqiangbei, uyezve kunyika yese uye kunyangwe pasirese.Kuseri kwengano yeHuaqiangbei kune Shajing nemamwe mataundi akaitenderedza.Iyo hupfumi sosi kodhi yeChina indasitiri yemagetsi yakavanzwa mune iwo akashata maindasitiri epaki zvidyarwa.

Nyaya yazvino yejecha tsime rehupfumi inotenderera nezve e-fodya.Parizvino, zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe neshanu muzana ezvigadzirwa zvefodya zvemagetsi zvepasi rose zvinobva kuChina, uye ingangoita makumi manomwe kubva muzana yezvinobuda muChina zvinobva kuShajing.Mazana emabhizinesi ane chekuita nefodya akaungana muguta iri remumugwagwa, iro rinotora nzvimbo inosvika 36 square kilometers uye rine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita 900000 uye yakazara nemafekitori ehukuru hwese.Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, marudzi ose emari akadirana kuti agadzire pfuma, uye ngano dzakabuda imwe pashure peimwe.Yakaratidzwa nekunyorwa kweSmallworld (06969.hk) muna 2020 uye rlx.us muna 2021, guta guru reCarnival rakasvika pakakwirira.

Nekudaro, kutanga kubva pakuzivisa kwakangoerekana kwe "e-fodya ichaverengerwa mune monopoly" munaKurume 2021, "e-fodya manejimendi matanho" akapihwa munaKurume gore rino, uye "yenyika chiyero chefodya yefodya" yakapihwa. muna April.Kutevedzana kwenhau huru kubva kudivi rekutonga kwakaunza carnival kumagumo kamwe kamwe.Mitengo yezvikamu zvemakambani maviri akanyorwa akawira munzira yose, uye iye zvino ari pasi pe 1/4 yepeak yavo.

Mitemo yemitemo yakakodzera ichaitwa zviri pamutemo kubva muna Gumiguru gore rino.Panguva iyoyo, indasitiri yeChina yefodya yefodya ichasiya zvachose kukura kwehutsinye kwe "grey area" uye kupinda munguva itsva yekudzora fodya.Kutarisana nenguva iri kuramba ichiswedera, vamwe vanhu vari kutarisira, vamwe vanobuda, vamwe vanochinja nzira, uye vamwe "vanowedzera nzvimbo dzavo" vachipesana nemaitiro.Shenzhen Bao'an District Government yeShajing Street yakapa mhinduro yakanaka, ichishevedzera sirogani yekuvaka 100 bhiriyoni level e-cigarette industry cluster and global "fog Valley".

Indasitiri yepasi rose inosimukira inozvarwa nekukura munzvimbo yeGreat Bay yeGuangdong, Hong Kong neMacao iri kuunza shanduko huru isina kumboitika.

Kutanga kubva mutsime rejecha, kuvaka 100 bhiriyoni level maindasitiri cluster

Shajing central road yakambonzi "electronic cigarette Street".Mumugwagwa uyu une hurefu hwakazara hwemakiromita angangoita 5.5 chete, zvese zvinodikanwa zvefodya yemagetsi zvinogona kugadzirirwa zviri nyore.Asi kufamba mumugwagwa uyu, zvinonetsa kuona hukama huripo nefodya yefodya.Makambani ane chekuita nefodya akavigwa pakati pemafekitori nezvivakwa zvehofisi anowanzoturika zvikwangwani zvakaita se “Electronics”, “technology” uye “trade”, uye zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvavo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.

Muna 2003, Han Li, mufesi weChina, akagadzira mudzanga wekutanga wemagetsi mupfungwa yemazuva ano.Gare gare, Han Li akaitumidza kuti "Ruyan".Muna 2004, "Ruyan" yakabudiswa zviri pamutemo uye yakatengeswa mumusika wepamba.Muna 2005, yakatanga kutengeswa kunze kwenyika uye yakave yakakurumbira muEurope, America, Japan nemamwe misika.

Seguta rakakosha maindasitiri richisimuka muma1980s, Shajing akatanga chibvumirano chekugadzira fodya yemagetsi makore makumi maviri apfuura.Nezvakanakira zvemagetsi uye kunze kwenyika indasitiri yekutengeserana, Shajing nedunhu rayo reBao'an zvishoma nezvishoma zvave chinzvimbo chikuru cheindasitiri yefodya yemagetsi.Mushure medambudziko rezvemari repasi rose muna 2008, mamwe mae-fodya akatanga kuedza mumusika wepamba.

Muna 2012, makambani makuru efodya ekunze akaita saPhilip Morris International, Lorillard neRenault akatanga kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvefodya yemagetsi.Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2013, bhizinesi re "Ruyan" e-fodya uye kodzero dzepfuma dzepfungwa dzakatorwa neImperial Tobacco.

Kubva pakuzvarwa kwayo, e-fodya iri kukura nekukurumidza.Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa ne e-cigarette Professional Committee yeChina Electronic Chamber of Commerce, musika wepasi rose e-fodya wakasvika US $80bhiriyoni muna 2021, nekuwedzera kwegore negore kwe120%.Munguva imwecheteyo, e-fodya yeChina inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakasvika 138.3 bhiriyoni yuan, kuwedzera kwe180% gore negore.

Chen Ping, akaberekwa mushure me1985, atova "murume akwegura" mumhizha yefodya yemagetsi.Muna 2008, akatanga Shenzhen huachengda Precision Indasitiri Co., Ltd., iyo inonyanya kuita zvemagetsi chiutsi chemakemikari core, muShajing, uye ikozvino inoverengera hafu yemusika wese.Akaudza vekutanga vezvemari kuti chikonzero nei indasitiri yefodya ichigona kudzika midzi nekusimukira muBao'an haachapatsanurike kubva kune indasitiri yemagetsi inotsigira indasitiri nevashandi vane ruzivo muBao'an.Munzvimbo inokwikwidza zvikuru yezvemabhizimusi, Bao'an electronic people vakagadzira kwakasimba innovation kugona uye nekukurumidza kupindura kugona.Pese panogadzirwa chigadzirwa chitsva, mafekitari epamusoro nepasi pemvura anogona kugadzira nekukurumidza.Tora e-fodya semuenzaniso, "pamwe mazuva matatu anokwana."Chen Ping akati izvi hazvifungidzike kune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Wang Zhen, mutevedzeri wemukuru weInstitute of regional development planning yeChina (Shenzhen) Academy of comprehensive development, akapfupikisa zvikonzero zvekubatanidzwa nekusimudzira indasitiri yefodya muBao'an sezvinotevera: chekutanga, mukana wekutanga wekugadzirisa. international market.Nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wefodya kunze kwenyika, mukana wekuenzanisa wefodya wakanyanya kuoneka, uye musika unoda kugona kutyaira kwakasimba.Muchikamu chekutanga cheindasitiri yefodya yefodya, ichitungamirwa nemusika wepasi rose weUnited States, Japan neSouth Korea, mabhizinesi ekugadzirisa nekutengesa muBao'an District, anomiririrwa nemabhizinesi akanyanya kushanda nesimba, akatungamira mukuita. kutevedzana kwakadzikama kwemaodha emisika yepasirese, izvo zvakakonzera kukurumidza kuunganidzwa uye kuwedzera kukura kweindasitiri yefodya muBao'an District.

Chechipiri, yakakwana maindasitiri ecological zvakanakira.Zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa pakugadzirwa kwefodya yemagetsi zvinogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore muBao'an, iyo inoderedza mari yekutsvaga yemabhizimisi, akadai se lithiamu mabhatiri, mapikisi ekudzora, sensors uye zviratidzo zve LED.

Chechitatu, zvakanakira nzvimbo yakavhurika uye inovandudza bhizinesi.E-fodya imhando yakabatanidzwa yekuvandudza yechigadzirwa.Mumakore achangopfuura, Hurumende yeDunhu reBao'an yakatsigira kusimudzira indasitiri yetekinoroji yeatomization inomiririrwa nefodya ye e-fodya, ichigadzira yakanaka indasitiri yekuvandudza uye bhizinesi nharaunda.

Parizvino, Dunhu reBaoan rine tekinoroji yakatsetseka, iyo hombe pasi rose inogadzira e-fodya uye bhizinesi hombe e-fodya yefodya.Pamusoro pezvo, mabhizinesi makuru ane chekuita nefodya e-efodya, senge mabhatiri, Hardware, zvinhu zvekurongedza uye kuyedzwa, zvakare anotora Bao'an semusimboti, uye akagoverwa muShenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan nedzimwe nzvimbo dzePearl River Delta.Izvi zvinoita kuti Bao'an ive yepasi rose e-fodya indasitiri yakakwirira ine yakazara maindasitiri cheni, yakakosha tekinoroji uye izwi reindasitiri.

Zvinoenderana nedata riri pamutemo reDunhu reBao'an, pakanga paine makumi mashanu neshanu e-fodya Enterprises pamusoro Yakarongedzerwa Size mudunhu muna 2021, ine kukosha kwakabuda kwe35.6 bhiriyoni yuan.Gore rino, huwandu hweMabhizinesi pamusoro pehukuru hwakatarwa hwawedzera kusvika pa77, uye kukosha kwekubuda kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kuwedzera.

Lu Jixian, director wesangano rekusimudzira mari muBao'an District, akataura pamusangano weveruzhinji nguva pfupi yadarika: "Dunhu reBao'an rinokoshesa zvikuru kusimudzira mabhizinesi efodya uye kuronga kuvaka indasitiri yefodya ye100 bhiriyoni. kuungana mumakore maviri kusvika matatu anotevera."

Musi waKurume 20 gore rino, Bao'an District yakapa matanho akati wandei ekusimudzira budiriro yemhando yepamusoro yeindasitiri yekugadzira uye yemazuva ano indasitiri yebasa, umo Chinyorwa 8 chakakurudzira kukurudzira uye kutsigira indasitiri ye "itsva yemagetsi atomization" indasitiri, inova kekutanga iyo indasitiri yeatomization yemagetsi yakanyorwa mugwaro rekutsigira maindasitiri ehurumende yenzvimbo.

Gamuchira mutemo uye tanga munzira yekumisikidza mumakakatanwa

E-fodya inogona kukura nokukurumidza, uye "kuderedza kukuvadza" uye "kubatsira kurega kusvuta" zvikonzero zvinokosha zvevatsigiri vavo kukurudzira zvakasimba uye kugamuchirwa zvakanyanya nevatengi.Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti inoshambadzirwa sei, haigoni kurambwa kuti nheyo yayo yekuita ichiri kuti nicotine inokurudzira uropi kuti hubudise dopamine yakawanda kuunza mufaro - izvi hazvina kusiyana nefodya yechinyakare, asi inoderedza kufema kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinogadzirwa ne kupisa.Yakabatana nekusahadzika pamusoro pezvakasiyana zvinowedzera mumafuta efodya, e-fodya yakaperekedzwa nemakakatanwa makuru ekurapa uye etsika kubva pakatangwa.

Zvisinei, gakava iri harina kumisa kupararira kwefodya yefodya munyika.Lagging regulation yakapawo zvine hungwaru nharaunda yemusika yakanakira mukurumbira wefodya yefodya.MuChina, iyo pfungwa yenguva refu yekutonga yekuisa e-cigarettes sevatengi vemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvakapa "denga rakatumirwa mukana" wekukurumidza kusimuka kweindasitiri yekugadzira fodya.Ichi ndichowo chikonzero nei vanopikisa vachiona indasitiri ye-e-cigarette se "grey industry yakapfeka jasi remagetsi emagetsi".Mumakore achangopfuura, sezvo madenderedzwa ese zvishoma nezvishoma akaumba kubvumirana pamusoro pekuonekwa kwe-e-cigarettes sezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvefodya, hurumende yakakurumidza kuunza e-cigarettes mukutarisira kwekambani yefodya.

Muna Mbudzi 2021, State Council yakapa mutongo weKugadzirisa mirau yekuitwa kwemutemo wefodya weRepublic of China, ichiwedzera Chisungo 65: "zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvefodya sefodya yemagetsi zvichaitwa maererano nezvinodiwa. yeMitemo iyi”.Musi waKurume 11, 2022, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration yakagadzira uye yakapa matanho ekutonga fodya yemagetsi, iyo yakarongwa kuti iitwe zviri pamutemo muna Chivabvu 1. Matanho aya akakurudzira kuti "zvigadzirwa zvefodya zvemagetsi zvinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nenyika zvemagetsi. fodya”.Musi waKubvumbi 8, 2022, iyo State Administration yemusika supervision (Standardization Committee) yakapa GB 41700-2022 inomanikidzirwa yenyika yefodya yemagetsi, iyo inonyanya kusanganisira: kutanga, kujekesa mazwi uye tsananguro dzefodya yemagetsi, aerosols uye mamwe mazwi ane hukama;Chechipiri, isa mberi zvinodiwa zvemisimboti yekugadzirwa kwefodya yemagetsi uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakasvibiswa;Chechitatu, isa pamberi akajeka tekinoroji zvinodiwa zvemagetsi fodya seti, atomization uye kuburitsa zvakateerana, uye kupa kutsigira bvunzo nzira;Chechina ndechekutaura zviratidzo nemirayiridzo yezvigadzirwa zvefodya yemagetsi.

Tichifunga nezvematambudziko anoshanda mukuitwa kwechibvumirano chitsva uye zvinodiwa zvine musoro zvevatambi vemusika vakakodzera, madhipatimendi akakodzera anoisa nguva yekuchinja yekuchinja kwepolicy (inopera munaGunyana 30, 2022).Munguva yeshanduko, kugadzirwa uye kushanda masangano e-e-fodya anogona kuenderera mberi nekugadzira nekuita mabasa, uye anofanirwa kunyorera marezinesi akakodzera uye zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi ongororo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nepolicy zvinodiwa, kuita kutevedzera dhizaini yezvigadzirwa, yakakwana. shanduko yechigadzirwa, uye shandira pamwe nemadhipatimendi ekutonga anoenderana kuita utariri.Panguva imwecheteyo, marudzi ese evanoisa mari haabvumidzwe kuisa mari mukugadzira e-fodya itsva uye mabhizinesi ekushanda panguva ino;Magadzirirwo nemashandiro emae-fodya aripo haazovaka kana kuwedzera huwandu hwekugadzira kwekanguva, uye haafanire kumisa zvitoro zvitsva zvee-fodya kwenguva pfupi.

Mushure menguva yeshanduko, kugadzirwa uye kushanda kwe e-fodya anofanirwa kuita mabasa ekugadzira nekushanda akanyatsoenderana nemutemo wefodya monopoly we People's Republic of China, iyo mirau yekuitwa kwefodya monopoly mutemo weRepublic of People. yeChina, matanho ekutonga e-fodya uye zviyero zvenyika zvee-fodya.

Panyaya dzambotaurwa dzezviito zvekutonga, vazhinji vevebhizinesi vakabvunzurudzwa vakaratidza kunzwisisa kwavo nerutsigiro, uye vakati vaive nechido chekushandira pamwe kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa zvekuteedzera.Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vanowanzo tenda kuti indasitiri inozoonekana nekusimudzira-kumhanya uye kutanga nzira yekukura kwakamira uye kwakasimba.Kana mabhizinesi achida kugovera keke yemusika weramangwana, anofanirwa kugara pasi uye kuisa mari mukutsvagisa nekusimudzira, mhando uye basa remhando, kubva "kuita mari nekukurumidza" kuita mhando uye mari yemhando.

Tekinoroji yeBenwu ndeimwe yemabhizinesi ekutanga e-e-cigarette kuwana rezenisi remakambani ekugadzira fodya monopoly kuChina.Lin Jiayong, maneja mukuru wekambani iyi, akataura mubvunzurudzo nebhizinesi reChina kuti kuunzwa kwemitemo yekutonga kunoreva kuti musika wepamba une mukana mukuru uchavhurwa.Zvinoenderana neshumo yakakodzera yeAI media kubvunza, muna 2020, vatengi vekuAmerica e-fodya vakaverengera chikamu chikuru chevaputa, vachiverengera 13%.Ichiteverwa neBritain 4.2%, France 3.1%.MuChina, nhamba inongova 0.6%."Tinoramba tiine tariro pamusoro peindasitiri uye musika wepasi."Lin Jiayong akadaro.

Semugadziri mukuru wepasirese wemidziyo yemagetsi atomization, Smallworld yakatoisa zvitarisiko zvayo pagungwa rakafara rebhuruu rekurapa, runako uye zvichingodaro.Nguva pfupi yadarika, kambani iyi yakazivisa kuti yakanga yasaina chibvumirano chekushandira pamwe naProfessor Liu Jikai wechikoro chemishonga cheCentral South University for Nationalities kuti atsvage nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvihombe zvehutano zvakatenderedza mishonga yemaatomu, mishonga yechivanhu yechiChinese, zvizoro uye kuchengetedza ganda.Munhu akakodzera anotungamira SIMORE yepasirese akaudza mutori wenhau wekutanga wezvemari kuti kuitira kuchengetedza zvakanakira tekinoroji mumunda weatomization uye kuongorora nzvimbo yekushandisa tekinoroji yeatomization mune zvekurapa nehutano minda, kambani inoronga kuwedzera iyo R & D. mari kusvika 1.68 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2022, inodarika huwandu hwemakore matanhatu apfuura.

Chen Ping akaudzawo mari yekutanga kuti mutemo mutsva wekutonga wakanakira mabhizinesi ane simba rekuita basa rakanaka mune zvigadzirwa, kuremekedza kodzero dzepfuma yepfungwa uye ane mabhenefiti emhando.Mushure mekushandiswa kwepamutemo kweyero yenyika, kuravira kwe-e-fodya kunogumira kune flavour yefodya, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudzikira kwenguva pfupi mukutengesa, asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvichawedzera mune ramangwana."Ini ndakazara nezvinotarisirwa kumusika wepamba uye ndakagadzirira kuwedzera mari muR & D nemidziyo."