nkhani

Yendani pafupifupi makilomita 50 kuchokera ku Shenzhen Huaqiang kumpoto kupita kumpoto chakumadzulo, ndipo mukafika ku Shajing.Tawuni yaying'ono iyi (yomwe tsopano ikutchedwa Street), yomwe poyamba idadziwika chifukwa cha oyster yokoma, ndiye malo oyambira padziko lonse lapansi opanga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi.Kwa zaka 30 zapitazi, kuchokera ku masewera othamanga kupita ku owerenga, kuchokera ku ma pager kupita ku USB flash drive, kuchokera ku mawotchi a telefoni kupita ku mafoni anzeru, zinthu zonse zodziwika bwino zamagetsi zachokera kuno kupita ku Huaqiangbei, kenako kudziko lonse lapansi ngakhalenso dziko lapansi.Kuseri kwa nthano ya Huaqiangbei ndi Shajing ndi matauni ozungulira.Ndalama zopezera chuma zamakampani opanga zamagetsi ku China zabisika m'mafakitale oyipa awa.

Nkhani yaposachedwa kwambiri yazachuma yamchenga ikukhudza ndudu za e-fodya.Pakalipano, ndudu zopitirira 95% za ndudu zapadziko lonse lapansi zimachokera ku China, ndipo pafupifupi 70% ya zomwe China imatulutsa zimachokera ku Shajing.Mazana a mabizinesi okhudzana ndi ndudu za e-fodya asonkhana m'tauni yakumidzi yakumidzi, yomwe ili pafupi ndi 36 masikweya kilomita ndipo ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 900000 ndipo ili ndi mafakitale amitundu yonse.M’zaka 20 zapitazi, ndalama zamitundumitundu zakhamukira kumapanga chuma, ndipo nthano zakhala zikutuluka motsatizanatsatizana.Zodziwika ndi mndandanda wa Smallworld (06969.hk) mu 2020 ndi rlx.us mu 2021, likulu la Carnival lidafika pachimake.

Komabe, kuyambira chilengezo chadzidzidzi cha "fodya za e-fodya zidzaphatikizidwa ndi wolamulira" mu Marichi 2021, "njira zoyendetsera ndudu za e-fodya" zidaperekedwa mu Marichi chaka chino, ndipo "mtundu wadziko lonse wafodya za e-fodya" unaperekedwa. mu April.Kutsatizana kwa nkhani zazikulu kuchokera kumbali yoyang'anira zidapangitsa kuti chikondwererochi chithe mwadzidzidzi.Mitengo yamagulu amakampani awiri omwe adatchulidwa agwera njira yonse, ndipo pakali pano ali osachepera 1/4 pachimake.

Ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchitoyi zidzakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo kuyambira pa Okutobala 1 chaka chino.Panthawiyo, makampani opanga fodya ku China adzatsanzikana ndi kukula koopsa kwa "dera la imvi" ndikulowa m'nthawi yatsopano yoletsa kusuta.Poyang'anizana ndi tsiku lomaliza lomwe likukulirakulira, anthu ena akuyembekezera, ena amatuluka, ena asintha njira, ndipo ena "amawonjezera maudindo" motsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitika.Boma la Shenzhen Bao'an District la Shajing Street lidapereka yankho labwino, likufuula mawu oti apange gulu lamakampani afog 100 biliyoni ndi "fog Valley" yapadziko lonse lapansi.

Makampani omwe akutukuka padziko lonse lapansi omwe amabadwa ndikukula m'dera la Great Bay ku Guangdong, Hong Kong ndi Macao akuyambitsa kusintha kwakukulu komwe sikunayambe kukumanapo.

Kuyambira pachitsime cha mchenga, pangani gulu la mafakitale la 100 biliyoni

Msewu wapakati wa Shajing unkatchedwa "msewu wa ndudu yamagetsi".Mumsewu uwu wokhala ndi kutalika kwa makilomita pafupifupi 5.5, zida zonse zofunika pa ndudu zamagetsi zimatha kukhala ndi zida zosavuta.Koma kuyenda mumsewu uwu, n’kovuta kuona ubale umene ulipo pakati pawo ndi ndudu za e-fodya.Makampani okhudzana ndi ndudu za e-fodya zobisika pakati pa mafakitale ndi nyumba zamaofesi nthawi zambiri zimapachika zizindikiro monga "Zamagetsi", "teknoloji" ndi "malonda", ndipo zambiri zomwe zimagulitsidwa zimatumizidwa kunja.

Mu 2003, Han Li, wazamankhwala waku China, adapanga ndudu yoyamba yamagetsi yamakono.Pambuyo pake, Han Li adautcha "Ruyan".Mu 2004, "Ruyan" idatulutsidwa ndikugulitsidwa pamsika wapakhomo.Mu 2005, idayamba kutumizidwa kunja ndipo idadziwika ku Europe, America, Japan ndi misika ina.

Monga tauni yofunika kwambiri yamafakitale yomwe ikukwera m'ma 1980, Shajing adayamba kupanga mgwirizano wopanga ndudu zamagetsi pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo.Ndi zabwino zamakampani ogulitsa zamagetsi ndi akunja, Shajing ndi Chigawo chake cha Bao'an pang'onopang'ono akhala malo akulu pamakampani opanga ndudu zamagetsi.Pambuyo pamavuto azachuma padziko lonse lapansi mu 2008, mitundu ina yafodya ya e-fodya idayamba kuyesetsa pamsika wapakhomo.

Mu 2012, makampani akuluakulu a fodya akunja monga Philip Morris International, Lorillard ndi Renault anayamba kupanga fodya wamagetsi.Mu Ogasiti 2013, bizinesi ya e-fodya ya "Ruyan" ndi ufulu wazinthu zanzeru zidapezedwa ndi Imperial Fodya.

Chiyambireni kubadwa kwake, ndudu za e-fodya zakhala zikukula mofulumira.Malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la e-fodya Professional Committee la China Electronic Chamber of Commerce linanena, msika wapadziko lonse wafodya udafika US $ 80 biliyoni mu 2021, ndikuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 120%.Panthawi yomweyi, katundu wa e-fodya ku China adafika pa 138.3 biliyoni ya yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 180% chaka ndi chaka.

Chen Ping, yemwe anabadwa pambuyo pa 1985, ali kale "wachikulire" mu makampani a ndudu zamagetsi.Mu 2008, adayambitsa Shenzhen huachengda Precision Industry Co., Ltd., yomwe imagwira ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi amagetsi amagetsi, ku Shajing, ndipo tsopano ndi theka la msika wonse.Adauza azachuma poyamba kuti chifukwa chomwe bizinesi yafodya ya e-fodya ingakhazikike ndikutukuka ku Bao'an sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi makampani okhwima amagetsi othandizira komanso ogwira ntchito odziwa zambiri ku Bao'an.M'malo azamalonda omwe amapikisana kwambiri, anthu amagetsi a Bao'an apanga luso laukadaulo komanso kuyankha mwachangu.Nthawi zonse pamene chinthu chatsopano chapangidwa, mafakitale oyendetsa mtsinje ndi kumunsi kwa mtsinje amatha kupanga mofulumira.Tengani ndudu za e-fodya mwachitsanzo, "mwina masiku atatu ndi okwanira."Chen Ping adanena kuti izi sizingatheke m'malo ena.

Wang Zhen, wachiwiri kwa mkulu wa Institute of Regional Development Planning of China (Shenzhen) Academy of Comprehensive Development, anafotokoza mwachidule zifukwa za kuphatikizika ndi chitukuko cha makampani a fodya ku Bao'an motere: choyamba, mwayi woyambirira wa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa ndudu kumayiko akunja, mwayi wofananiza wa ndudu za e-fodya ndiwowoneka bwino, ndipo kufunitsitsa kwa msika kukuyendetsa bwino kwambiri.Pa gawo loyambirira la bizinesi yafodya ya e-fodya, motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa United States, Japan ndi South Korea, mabizinesi okonza ndi malonda m'boma la Bao'an, oimiridwa ndi mabizinesi olimbikira ntchito, adatsogola pantchitoyi. kuchulukirachulukira kwamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti msika wa fodya wa e-fodya uwonjezeke mwachangu m'boma la Bao'an.

Chachiwiri, ubwino wathunthu wazachilengedwe wamakampani.Zida ndi zida zomwe zimafunikira popanga ndudu zamagetsi zitha kupezeka mosavuta ku Bao'an, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wofufuzira wamakampani, monga mabatire a lithiamu, tchipisi chowongolera, masensa ndi zizindikiro za LED.

Chachitatu, ubwino wokhala ndi bizinesi yotseguka komanso yatsopano.E-fodya ndi mtundu wophatikizika wazinthu zatsopano.M'zaka zaposachedwa, boma la Chigawo cha Bao'an lathandizira kwambiri chitukuko chaukadaulo waukadaulo wa atomization woimiridwa ndi ndudu za e-fodya, ndikupanga luso labwino la mafakitale komanso malo azamalonda.

Pakali pano, Chigawo cha Baoan chili ndi ukadaulo wa smoothcore, kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga ndudu za e-fodya komanso bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wafodya.Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi akuluakulu okhudzana ndi ndudu za e-fodya, monga mabatire, zida, zida zonyamula ndi kuyesa, amatenganso Bao'an ngati pachimake, ndipo amagawidwa ku Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan ndi zigawo zina za Pearl River Delta.Izi zimapangitsa Bao'an kukhala malo apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi afodya ya e-fodya yokhala ndi unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale, ukadaulo woyambira komanso mawu amakampani.

Malinga ndi zidziwitso za boma la Bao'an District, panali Mabizinesi 55 afodya ya e-fodya m'derali mu 2021, omwe anali ndi mtengo wokwana 35.6 biliyoni.Chaka chino, chiwerengero cha Makampani omwe ali pamwamba pa kukula kwake chakwera kufika pa 77, ndipo mtengo wake ukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.

Lu Jixian, mkulu wa bungwe lolimbikitsa ndalama m'boma la Bao'an, ananena pamsonkhano waposachedwa wa anthu kuti: "Chigawo cha Bao'an chimaona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha makampani osuta fodya ndipo akufuna kumanga makampani okwana 100 biliyoni osuta fodya. kusonkhana m’zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi.”

Pa Marichi 20 chaka chino, chigawo cha Bao'an chinapereka njira zingapo zolimbikitsira chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani opanga zopangira zapamwamba komanso makampani amakono othandizira, pomwe Article 8 ikufuna kulimbikitsa ndi kuthandizira "zida zatsopano zamagetsi zamagetsi", zomwe ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti makampani a atomization apakompyuta alembedwe muzolemba zothandizira mafakitale za boma laderalo.

Landirani malamulo ndikuyamba njira yokhazikika pamakangano

Ndudu za E-fodya zimatha kukula mofulumira, ndipo "kuchepetsa kuvulaza" ndi "kuthandiza kusiya kusuta" ndi zifukwa zofunika zomwe amawathandiza kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu ndikuvomerezedwa ndi ogula.Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe zimalengedwera, sizingatsutsidwe kuti mfundo yake yochitapo kanthu ikadali kuti chikonga chimapangitsa ubongo kupanga dopamine yambiri kuti ibweretse chisangalalo - izi sizosiyana ndi ndudu zachikhalidwe, koma zimachepetsa kutsekemera kwa zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuyaka.Kuphatikizidwa ndi kukayikira za zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zamafuta a ndudu, ndudu za e-fodya zatsagana ndi mikangano yayikulu yazachipatala ndi yamakhalidwe kuyambira pomwe idayambitsidwa.

Komabe, mkanganowu sunaletse kufalikira kwa ndudu za e-fodya padziko lonse lapansi.Kutsika kwanthawi yayitali kwaperekanso malo abwino amsika kuti atchuke ndudu za e-fodya.Ku China, lingaliro la nthawi yayitali la kugawa ndudu za e-fodya monga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi zapereka "mwayi wotumizidwa kumwamba" kuti kukwera mofulumira kwa makampani opanga ndudu za e-fodya.Ichi ndi chifukwa chake otsutsa amawona makampani a e-fodya ngati "makampani otuwa atavala chovala chamakampani amagetsi".M'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene mabwalo onse apanga mgwirizano pang'onopang'ono pa mawonekedwe a ndudu za e-fodya monga zatsopano za fodya, boma lafulumizitsa kubweretsa ndudu za e-fodya kuyang'anira makampani a fodya.

Mu Novembala 2021, State Council idapereka chigamulo chosintha malamulo oyendetsera kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo ladziko la People's Republic of China, ndikuwonjezera ndime 65: "fodya zatsopano monga ndudu zamagetsi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi zomwe zikufunika. za Malamulo awa”.Pa Marichi 11, 2022, Boma la Tobacco Monopoly Administration lidapanga ndikupereka njira zoyendetsera ndudu zamagetsi, zomwe zikuyenera kukhazikitsidwa mwalamulo pa Meyi 1. Miyezoyo idati "zogulitsa ndudu zamagetsi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zadziko pazamagetsi zamagetsi. ndudu”.Pa Epulo 8, 2022, State Administration of market supervision (Standardization Committee) idapereka GB 41700-2022 mokakamiza mulingo wafodya wamagetsi, womwe umaphatikizapo: choyamba, kumveketsa mawu ndi matanthauzo a ndudu zamagetsi, ma aerosol ndi mawu ena okhudzana;Chachiwiri, ikani patsogolo mfundo zofunika pakupanga ndudu yamagetsi ndi kusankha zipangizo;Chachitatu, ikani patsogolo zofunikira zaukadaulo pamagetsi a ndudu, ma atomization ndi kumasulidwa motsatana, ndikupereka njira zothandizira mayeso;Chachinayi ndi kutchula zizindikiro ndi malangizo a ndudu zamagetsi.

Poganizira zovuta zomwe zingachitike pakukhazikitsa mgwirizano watsopano komanso zomwe akufuna kwa osewera amsika oyenerera, madipatimenti oyenera amakhazikitsa nthawi yosinthira mfundo (kutha pa Seputembara 30, 2022).Panthawi ya kusintha, makampani opanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndudu za e-fodya atha kupitiriza kuchita ntchito zopanga ndi kugwira ntchito, ndipo akuyenera kulembetsa ziphaso zoyenera ndi kuwunika kwaukadaulo wazogulitsa malinga ndi zofunikira zandondomeko, kupanga kutsata kwazinthu, kumaliza. kusintha kwazinthu, ndikugwirizana ndi madipatimenti oyang'anira kuti aziyang'anira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu amitundu yonse saloledwa kuyika ndalama mu makampani atsopano opanga ndudu za e-fodya ndikugwira ntchito panthawiyi;Mabungwe opangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu zomwe zilipo kale sizingapange kapena kukulitsa mphamvu zopangira kwakanthawi, ndipo sadzakhazikitsa malo ogulitsa ndudu zatsopano kwakanthawi.

Pambuyo pa nthawi ya kusintha, mabungwe opanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito ndudu za e-fodya ayenera kuchita ntchito zopanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito motsatira malamulo oyendetsera fodya a Republic of China, malamulo okhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo la fodya la Republic of People. ya China, njira zoyendetsera ndudu za e-fodya komanso miyezo yadziko lonse yafodya za e-fodya.

Pazinthu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ambiri mwa anthu abizinesi omwe adafunsidwa adawonetsa kumvetsetsa kwawo ndikuthandizira, ndipo adati anali okonzeka kugwirizana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amakhulupirira kuti makampaniwa adzatsanzikana ndi chitukuko chothamanga kwambiri ndikuyamba njira yokhazikika komanso yokhazikika.Ngati mabizinesi akufuna kugawana nawo keke ya msika wamtsogolo, ayenera kukhazikika ndikuyika ndalama pakufufuza ndi chitukuko, ntchito yabwino komanso mtundu, kuyambira "kupanga ndalama mwachangu" mpaka kupanga ndalama zabwino komanso zamtundu.

Tekinoloje ya Benwu ndi imodzi mwamabizinesi oyamba afodya ya e-fodya kupeza chiphaso chamakampani opanga fodya okha ku China.Lin Jiayong, woyang'anira wamkulu wa kampaniyo, adanena poyankhulana ndi bizinesi ya China kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito kumatanthauza kuti msika wapakhomo wokhala ndi mwayi waukulu udzatsegulidwa.Malinga ndi lipoti loyenerera la AI media consulting, mu 2020, ogula e-fodya aku America adawerengera anthu ambiri osuta, omwe amawerengera 13%.Kutsatiridwa ndi Britain 4.2%, France 3.1%.Ku China, chiwerengerocho ndi 0.6%."Tikupitilizabe kukhala ndi chiyembekezo pamakampani komanso msika wapakhomo."Lin Jiayong adatero.

Monga kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, Smallworld yayika kale chidwi chake panyanja yotakata yamankhwala, kukongola ndi zina zotero.Posachedwapa, kampani analengeza kuti anasaina pangano mgwirizano ndi Pulofesa Liu Jikai wa sukulu ya pharmacy ya Central South University for Nationalities kufufuza ndi kupanga mankhwala aakulu thanzi padziko atomized mankhwala, atomized chikhalidwe Chinese mankhwala, zodzoladzola ndi chisamaliro khungu.Munthu woyenerera yemwe amayang'anira SIMORE padziko lonse lapansi adauza mtolankhani woyamba wazachuma kuti kuti asunge zabwino zaukadaulo pantchito ya atomization ndikuwunika momwe ukadaulo wa atomization umagwirira ntchito pazachipatala ndi zaumoyo, kampaniyo ikukonzekera kuwonjezera R & D. ndalama zokwana 1.68 biliyoni mu 2022, kupitilira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi.

Chen Ping adauzanso ndalama zoyamba kuti ndondomeko yatsopano yoyendetsera bwino ndi yabwino kwa makampani omwe ali ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito yabwino muzogulitsa, kulemekeza ufulu wachidziwitso komanso kukhala ndi ubwino wamtundu.Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kovomerezeka kwa muyezo wadziko lonse, kukoma kwa ndudu za e-fodya kudzangokhala ndi kukoma kwa fodya, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa nthawi yochepa kwa malonda, koma pang'onopang'ono zidzawonjezeka mtsogolomu."Ndili ndi chiyembekezo chamsika wam'nyumba ndipo ndili wokonzeka kuwonjezera ndalama mu R & D ndi zida."